In order to stimulate the teachers to greater expectations, the percents were posted up in the offices of the superintendents, . . . carried about in triumph by principals, paraded in the daily papers,and published in school reports. But it was found that attaching undue importance to percents leads to the driving and cramming process, to teaching in narrow ruts . . . [and] to drive poor pupils out of school." --John B. Peaslee, 1899 (quoted in David Tyack's Seeking Common Ground: Public Schools in a Diverse Society, 2003)
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